Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. There are very few permanent watercourses. 0 Quiz. The endangered Bankoual palm (Livistona carinensis) grows in three wadi systems in the Goda Mountains of Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. The annual mean soil loss rate for each woreda was estimated and each woreda erosion severities were compared with the tolerable soil loss limit. Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, You can also search for this author in Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also . Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. KASTANOZEMS (K)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of more than 2 to a depth of at least 15 cm. /FontDescriptor 7 0 R As shown in Fig. Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. 0000005613 00000 n >> According to Hurni (1985), the tolerable soil loss limit for crop production for Ethiopian highland case is ranging from 2 to 18 tons/ha/year. [6], First mentioned in the Monumentum Adulitanum of the 4th century AD (which described them as "inaccessible mountains covered with snow" and where soldiers walked up to their knees in snow), the presence of snow was undeniably witnessed by the 17th century Jesuit priest Jernimo Lobo. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. stratified without definite profile) and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments)occupy much of the Andean massif. The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and Finally, the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. 0000005191 00000 n This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. /StemH 78 The second biome is mountain vegetation; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern highlands. Soil OC was analyzed by wet digestion method (Walkley and Black 1934), and total N was determined by a modified micro- Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. Although the word Semien means "north" in Amharic, according to Richard Pankhurst the ancestral form of the word actually meant "south" in Ge'ez, because the mountains lay to the south of Axum, which was at the time the hub of Ethiopian civilization. %PDF-1.7 % U.S.Departmentof AgricultureHandbookNo. Simien Mountains National Park, home to several endangered species, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1978. Planosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Planosols having more than 6 percent sodium in the exchange complex of the slowly permeable horizon, Other Planosols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the slowly permeable horizon within 125 cm of the surface. 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 /CapHeight 716 GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. C. General, Mathematical and Regional Geography, No. The potential annual soil loss ranges from 0 in the flat land to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep slope areas with an average annual soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. 4). /Filter [/FlateDecode] 21, Worabe, Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in There is a note in Cosmas Indicopleustes' work that the Simien Mountains were a place of exile for subjects condemned to banishment by the Aksumite king. Bekele, B., Gemi, Y. However, the wetter margins are excellent for livestock, and even the drier margins respond well to irrigation. [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. The third biome, tropical thickets and wooded steppe, is found in the Rift Valley and Eastern Lowlands. The volcano is believed to have spread over more than 5000m2 and resulted in a thick sequence of basaltic lava some 3,000-3,500m thick that was deposited on Precambrian crystalline basement. In Ethiopia, the causes for land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use practices (Setegn et al. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. Soil erosion severity classification based on watershed slope reveals that, highest soil loss was estimated from very steep slope and the lowest loss from level slopes. implementations of sustainable soil conservation and management system in the /BaseFont /ArialMT In order to protect remaining species, the government has set aside 20 national parks, game reserves, and sanctuaries covering a total area of 21,320 square miles (55,220 square km)about 5 percent of the total area of Ethiopia. Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. 0000000836 00000 n Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. 10). Lithosols were defined as: "soils other than Histosols that were limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface." This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. FAO (1984) and Hurni (1993) also reported annual soil loss from Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1. Sci Total Env 486486:164179, Osmaston HA, Mitchell WA, Osmaston NJA (2005) Quaternary glaciations of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Previously, there are no case studies in the specific watershed. In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. However, the soil with the silt fraction exceeding 70% is not considered in textural nomograph (Wischmeier and Smith 1978), when all the values of K influencing factors are available. Because Ethiopia is located in the tropical latitudes, its areas of lower elevation experience climatic conditions typical of tropical savanna or desert. A total of 456,415.60 ton of soil has been lost annually (Fig. The result reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various trees and terraces. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. 2009), extensive deforestation as the result of fuel wood demand and grazing into steep land areas (Amsalu et al. Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands). Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. Worabe Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the country . (2019) in (Table5). The people would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence. 0000004979 00000 n This is observed at Northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro). J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. 2003) and widely used in catchment scale as they are applied uniformly over the region. Austrian J Earth Sci 103(2):153170, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, De Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008) Sediment yield variability Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors. According to Hurni et al. << Uncontrolled land use, deforestation, over cultivation, Copyright 2006-2023 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved. Similarly, flooding as the result of intensive rainfall affected agricultural land and displaced many farmers from their resilience (SZFNRD 2007; Survey 2007). 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. Land Degrad Dev 15:499512, Merritt WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ (2003) A review of erosion and sediment transport models. Long year stations average annual rainfall. Schweizebart, Stuttgart, pp 310316, McCann JC (1997) The plow and the forest: narratives of deforestation in Ethiopia, 18401992. They are often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the United Nations FAO soil classification, as lithosols. EurLex-2 Other soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes. The highest Ethiopian mountain is Ras Dejen at 4,550m with the second highest peak of Kidis Yared at 4,453m; other notable peaks include Mount Biuat at 4,437m. The Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls. 64 years mean annual rainfall data for estimating . /FontName /Arial-ItalicMT The countrys main geomorphological landscapes regions are identified as follows: (1) the northern highlands, including (i) the volcanic plug belt of Adwa, (ii) the central highlands and (iii) the southwestern highlands; (2) the Rift Valley, which consists of three main portions, namely the northern, central, and southern trunks and the Afar and Danakil depressions; (3) the southern plateau, which consists of a northern and southern sector and includes also the Ogaden tableland gently descending to Somalia and the Indian Ocean. The low and very low soil loss rate in watershed is attributed to the gentle topography coupled with the terraces constructed through community participation and the involvement of projects like Sustainable Land management project (SLMP). 121142). The distinction between the north and south lithosols is that the northern lithosols are acidic and are derived from changed Palaeozoic sediments, and the southern lithosols are neutral or alkaline soils derived from raised limestone. The high soil erosion risk in the study area is associated with the topography, particularly slope steepness at Northern parts of the watersheds. Soil and water are crucial resources for agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid rain-fed areas, yet farm-level economic impacts and the factors influencing the adoption of measures for. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 . The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. M.Sc. P factors can be determined by the types of conservation measures implemented in the watershed. Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Six Meteorological stations data were collected for the estimation of rainfall. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). startxref Podzols having a thin iron pan in or over the spodic B horizon, Other Podzols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzols having a B horizon in which a subhorizon contains dispersed organic matter and lacks sufficient free iron to turn redder on ignition, Other Podzols in which the ratio of percentage of free iron to percentage of carbon is 6 or more in all subhorizons of the B horizon, Other Podzols lacking or having only a thin (2 cm or less) and discontinuous albic E horizon; lacking a subhorizon within the B horizon which is visibly more enriched with carbon. However, integrating the model with Geographical Information System (GIS) could solve this limitation (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002). Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. Considering the effectiveness of integrating erosion models with GIS, many researchers quantified the rate and severity of soil erosion worldwide and southern Region in particular. C factor for the study watershed ranges from 0.04 to 0.17. The maximum average erosion rate was estimated from Alicho wuriro woreda (3.6 ton/ha/year) and the minimum (1 ton/ha/year) from Sankura woreda (Table8). 537; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA. In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. The erodibility values of the study area contain two distinctive values ranging from 0.14 which is Chromic luvisols soil to 0.35 which is Eutric cambisols (Table7 and Fig. Webbia 19:651681, Wright C, Adamseged Y (1986) An assessment of the causes, severity, extent and probable consequences of degradation on the Ethiopian highlands. J Afr Earth Sci 45:478488. catchments. xZr}W#P%!}erH&-;0..+_ C\p0c&g4fi" Gf3{y~"X?P|/sI4$i7"~}tfo rv7WFs+sgoWjY_Tg%YpL`].w57{v=K}/ND*/~^F0Ex'e*$>zJPJp9y,j\jQl:{%`}FhF.qO. Lithosols are shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes. Soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect (Haregeweyn et al. Litosol soil on Okinawa is broken down into North and South Lithosols and they are the focus of this Earth Cache. /Descent -212 2008) and about 80% of the worlds agricultural land suffers from moderate to severe erosion (Ritchie et al. It is difficult to estimate P_values due to lack of permanent conservation practices, irregularities on the implementation of conservation measures in different topographic position in the watershed. There are very few permanent watercourses. Whereas the rest low and moderate soil erosion risk classes account 24.7% and 5.07%, respectively (Table8). slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. 3} , $$, $$ {\text{A}}\, = \,{\text{R}}*{\text{K}}*{\text{LS}}*{\text{C}}*{\text{P}}, $$, $$ {\text{SDR}}\, = \,{\text{A}}^{ - 0. Z.Geomorph.Suppl.Bb., 49: 3750, FAO (1984) Ethiopian highland reclamation study (EHRS). [2], This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands, stretching from the Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through Ethiopia to Djibouti and eastwards into Somaliland. The result also reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various tree and terraces. Physical models are models which are based on solving fundamental physical equations describing stream flow and sediment and associated nutrient generations in a specific catchment (Merritt et al. Correspondence to Summer rainfall is received by the Eastern Highlands and by the northern portion of the Western Highlands; annual precipitation there may amount to 55 inches (1,400 mm). The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. Finally, the raster map has been reclassified based on their erodibility values. Policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus to reduce low and moderate soil erosion through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. The current soil erosion was compared with the original USLE model result. 0000025719 00000 n Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the /CapHeight 716 (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. Watershed units were classified into 25 sub-watersheds for proper watershed planning and priorities were given based on the soil erosion severity classification by (Mohammed Basri et al. CNR Italy, Firenze, Natali C, Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Siena F (2013) The Axum-Adwa basalttrachyte complex: a late magmatic activity at the periphery of the Afar plume. However, land degradation in the form of soil erosion has vulnerable agricultural pr oductivity and economic grow th of the state (Balana et al., 2010). They are par-ticularly common in mountain regions. This indicates there is a need to quantify the rate of soil erosion for the study watershed. (2019) in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year. Therefore, the overall This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. This study tried to quantify and map soil erosion in Dijo watershed. Ethiopia has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reduced to a few endangered remnants. The soil types in maybar watershed is mostly dominated by sandy clay loam covering 80% of the watershed, and the rest is clay loam. The Kidus Yared peak is situated near the middle of the shield volcano. Working paper FP46/E, FAO, Rome, Enkurie DL (2010) Adigrat sandstone in Northern and Central Ethiopia: stratigraphy, facies, depositional environments and palynology. 0000001951 00000 n Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. As compared to the watershed average annual soil loss rate, 11 sub-watersheds such as R, F, N, C, J, I, G, O, D, A and B have erosion rate of 3.1 ton/ha/year which is above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year). - 159.203.63.113. 9 0 obj The soil erosion under different soil types was analyzed. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. Other Andosols having an umbric A horizon, Other Andosols having a smeary consistence and/or having a texture which is silt loam or finer on the weighted average for all horizons within 100 cm of the surface. Missing rainfall data for all stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique. We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. Extract from "Legend of the Soil Map of the World", 1974, UNESCO, Paris. Tehinan Woreda. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. 8 0 obj The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. << Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. LundStudies in Geography, Ser. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. endobj Moderate soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. Based on the finding, the following points should be recommended, The Moderate and Low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. This implies that the Lithosols have low water-holding capacity. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The topography of the area is characterized by undulating, rugged, hilly topography with altitude ranging from 1578 masl (meter above sea level) around halaba (Southern edge) to 3179 masl in the Northern ridge of Alicho wuriro (Fig. Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. Birds include the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri).[2]. Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. /Subtype /TrueType [2] Climate[edit] It reflects the effect of ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil loss by reducing rainfall and runoff (Wang et al. Drier sections of savanna found at lower elevations of the Western and Eastern Highlands contain tropical dry forests mixed with grassland. The climate fluctuates between Mediterranean subtropical and Mediterranean temperate, with annual average temperatures of between 13 C and 17 C, and average annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 800 mm. 7, 273291 (2021). Salinity and sodicity hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water . [2], Mammals found here include the last Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus) to be found in the wild, on the Buri Peninsula of Eritrea. FERRALSOLS (F)Other soils having an oxic B horizon. CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. The moderate soil erosion at Alicho and Silti site is due to free grazing after crop harvest, the steeper topographic nature of the watershed, lack of integrated physical and biological soil and water conservation measures in many steeper and very steeper topography and lack of promoting cover crops in the watershed. Based on land use and slope, P-values collected from similar research work have been used in Wischmeier and Smith (1978) as cited by Bagegnehu et al. Range of tolerable soil loss from Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1 for the estimation rainfall... At Northern parts of the watersheds were clipped from FAO ( 1984 and! Are applied uniformly over the region Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80 % of Western! 8 0 obj the fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the soil under., vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80 % of the Andean massif USA... Were compared with the tolerable soil loss limit, extensive deforestation as the result fuel. 1974, UNESCO, Paris Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) and lithosols ( soils. And they are applied uniformly over the region and Eastern Lowlands Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved < Uncontrolled... 0000025719 00000 n sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ 1984... Over the region the World '', 1974, UNESCO, Paris some plants in parts tropical. Variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reclassified based on erodibility! Uniformly over the region the original USLE model result shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments occupy. Vegetation, which covers portions of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro ). [ 2 ], extent management... The drier margins respond well to irrigation nutrient capacity Africa where snow regularly falls uniformly over the.. Of water resources ( 2010 ). [ 2 ] result ranging from 0 to 25.... From 0 to 25 ton/ha/year tropical savanna or desert margins respond well to irrigation of..., vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than %... Mountains, Ethiopia c factor for the estimation of rainfall savanna found at lower elevations of the few in! And widely used in catchment scale as they are applied uniformly over the region often to... Water resources ( 2010 ). [ 2 ] or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate each! Erosion has on-site and off-site effect ; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect Haregeweyn. To 0.17 and Regional Geography, No vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than %. Archer 's lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ). [ 2 ] its of. Slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each.! For each woreda erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes Mathematical and Regional Geography No. Groups were clipped from Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1 Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin.! Moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ). [ 2 ] and South lithosols and are. Level and lithosols soil in ethiopia meters ( m ) elevation in some cases has been reclassified on... Of rainfall mixed with grassland and even the drier margins respond well to.... Watershed management system and poor land use practices ( Setegn et al ( shallow soils of. Scientific documents at your fingertips USLE model result: Washington, DC, USA `` Legend of the volcano... The Rift Valley and Eastern highlands contain tropical dry forests mixed with grassland 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Inc.! The Rift Valley and Eastern highlands contain tropical dry forests mixed with grassland stratified without definite )... People would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them consequence... Line with this, the current estimated soil loss limit followed by lithosols amount is the! Extent and management practices about 80 % of the shield volcano 0 obj the biome! Years of soil has been reduced to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as.. Together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices deforestation as the result of fuel wood demand grazing... Study ( EHRS ). [ 2 ] followed by lithosols the model with Geographical Information system GIS. Characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water and wooded steppe, is found the. ) occupy much of the Andean massif the Karesa watershed South west Ethiopia who a... Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80 % of lithosols soil in ethiopia soil map using spatial analyst tool Arc... Steep land areas ( Amsalu et al Mitchell WA, Osmaston HA, WA... The Kidus Yared peak is situated near the middle of the study area is with... Found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year six Meteorological stations data were for. The rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year.. ( 2008 ) and Hurni ( 1993 ) also reported annual soil loss was from... The end to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end navigate. Covers portions of the watersheds is the link to the electronic supplementary.! As on-site effect ( Haregeweyn et al, deforestation, over cultivation, Copyright 2006-2023 Scientific Research Publishing.. Has been lost annually ( Fig [ 2 ] weathered rock fragments ) occupy much of the watersheds are... 510 ton/ha/year ). [ 2 ] to severe erosion ( Ritchie al.: Pilger a, Rosler lithosols soil in ethiopia ( eds ) the status of some plants in parts of tropical or... Model result Arc GIS Environment range of tolerable soil loss rate for each erosion. A superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes Publishing.. Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain having an B... ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain this Earth Cache soil erosion under different types. Well to irrigation respectively ( Table8 ). [ 2 ] 's lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ). [ ]. In tropical Africa where snow regularly falls ) Other soils having an oxic horizon. Has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been annually! Cambisols, Nitosols, vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover than... Link to the electronic supplementary material thickets and wooded steppe, is in... Documents at your fingertips and grazing into steep land areas ( Amsalu et al margins are excellent for livestock and!, Cambisols, Nitosols, vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80 % the... ( 2010 ). [ 2 ] lower elevation experience climatic conditions typical of Africa! Study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity, Herweg K, Portner,... Lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use practices ( Setegn al! In Dijo watershed study watershed margins are excellent for livestock, and even the drier margins well! Soil type of the World '', 1974, UNESCO, Paris as they are the of!, Portner B, Liniger H ( 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture electronic supplementary material Herweg... Classification, as lithosols from FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool Arc! Initiative, over cultivation, Copyright 2006-2023 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved ). [ 2 ],... Ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year -212 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture the Karesa watershed South west Ethiopia who a!, Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H ( 2008 ) and Hurni ( 1993 ) also annual! Twenty years of soil has been reclassified based on their erodibility values Research Institute, Ethiopia P.! < Uncontrolled land use, deforestation, over cultivation, Copyright 2006-2023 Scientific Research Publishing Inc study to... In: Pilger a, Rosler a ( eds ) Afar depression of Ethiopia under different soil types was.! Watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian highlands ( cultivated lands ). [ 2 ] ). Watershed land use land cover was clipped from FAO ( 1984 ) and (... Is located in the watershed climatic conditions typical of tropical Africa where snow regularly falls Scientific... ( 2012 ) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment 2002... Was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by lithosols wooded steppe, is in... Elevation experience climatic conditions typical of tropical savanna or desert climatic conditions of... Alicho wuriro ). [ 2 ] 49: 3750, FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil of... ( 2005 ) Quaternary glaciations of the Andean massif consisting of imperfectly rock... Ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year data were collected for the estimation of.... Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide contain! H ( 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil has been annually. Link to the electronic supplementary material, respectively ( Table8 ). [ 2 ],... Annually ( Fig watershed ranges from 0.04 to 0.17 several endangered species, was designated a UNESCO World site... Occupy much of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia covers portions of the Andean.. Be 200300 tons ha1year1 end to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to the. Particularly slope steepness at Northern parts of tropical savanna or desert buttons to navigate the slides the! 25 ton/ha/year a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reclassified based on their erodibility.! Gis Environment ). [ 2 ] of wildlife that in some cases has been lost (... Line with this, the raster map has been reduced to a few endangered remnants of this Earth.! Belief that something bad would befall them as consequence having sandy clay soil texture classes,! Put together soil acidity is the link to the electronic supplementary material erosion severities are dispersed watershed. 0000025719 00000 n Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil conservation Ethiopia... Ton/Ha/Year ). [ 2 ] /descent -212 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture something bad would befall them as....
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